Triticale potential model in the conditions of the Amur region

The need for research is due to the growing demands of the region's animal husbandry in fodder grain. The goal is to establish the average and maximum values of the main economic indicators of triticale varieties in various zones of the region. The experiments were carried out in 2012–2016 on the fields of the zonal State Variety Testing Stations of the Amur Region. Soils are typical of zones. Meteorological conditions during the growing season of triticale are different. Triticale varieties were studied: Karmen St, Grebeshok, Rovnya, Ukro and Yarilo. Late-ripening varieties in all zones of the region form a high stem. Location of triticale varieties by grain threshing Karmen> Rovnya> Grebeshok and Yarilo> Ukro. The largest mass of 1000 grains - 53.6 g and a yield of 5.36 t/ha is formed by the Karmen variety in the south of the region. Yarilo gives the highest yield in the central zone, and Rovnya in the northern zone. The increase in yield of Yarilo and Rovnya varieties compared to the control ranged from 0.13 to 0.16 t/ha, or from 4.2 to 5.2%. The smallest significant difference in yield for varieties was 5.4–15.8%. In the central zone of the region, the Yarilo variety significantly exceeds the standard by 0.69 t/ha, or 28.3%, in the north, the Grebeshok and Ukro varieties are significantly inferior to the standard by 0.16 and 0.33 t/ha, or 5.6 and 11.5%. The genetic series of the yield potential of varieties in the area of Karmen> Yarilo> Rovnya>Grebeshok > Ukro. A model of factors determining the adaptive potential of triticale in the Amur region is proposed

Сошники для выращивания экологически безопасной сои

The authors showed that strip sowing with the paw plowshare allows soybean plants to branch better, and branches with leaves of nearby rows do not close for a long time, mowing vegetation between the strips reduces the total number of weeds, the chemical load on the crops, and ensures environmental safety of the products.(Research purpose) To determine the seed distribution parameters by the paw plowshare according to the area of the sowing strip and the depth of seed placement, to establish the effect of the plowshare of different types on the weediness of crops and soybean yield after various preceding crops.(Materials and methods) The authors studied the equability of soybean seeds distribution with the paw plowshare on the surface of the grooved tub, adhesive tape, and in the soil according to the following indicators: spread width, number of seeds per unit area, and placement depth. They conducted a comparative field experiment; in different years according to meteorological conditions, on a typical meadow black earth soil, soybean was sown with seeders with plowshare of two designs after various preceding crops: steam, wheat and soy.(Results and discussion) It was determined that the paw plowshare the specified sowing row width of 0.18-0.20 meters at the channel soil at a depth of 0.05 meters. The deviation from the equability of the sown seeds distribution over the area was determined 0.93-1.56 percent. It was found that strip sowing with the paw plowshare and further mowing of weeds between the strips reduced the weediness of soybean crops after fallow land by 67.7 percent, after wheat by 66.5 percent and after soybean by 65.4 percent, increasing its yield compared to ordinary sowing with a disc plowshare.(Conclusions) The authors established a regular increase in soybean productivity when sowing with the paw plowshare: after naked fallow – by 0.59 tons per hectare, after wheat – by 0.51, after soy – by 0.21 tons. They suggested using seeders with paw plowshare 0.2 meters wide at a distance of 0.6 meters from each other for growing ecologically safe soybean seeds in the Amur region.Показали, что при полосном посеве лаповым сошником растения сои лучше ветвятся, причем ветви с листьями соседних рядков длительное время не смыкаются, скашивание растительности между полосами позволяет снизить общую численность сорняков, химическую нагрузку на посевы и обеспечивает экологическую безопасность продукции.(Цель исследования) Определить параметры распределения семян лаповым сошником по площади полосы посева и глубине заделки семян, установить влияние видов сошников на засоренность посевов и урожайность сои после различных предшественников.(Материалы и методы) Изучили равномерность распределения семян сои лаповым сошником на поверхности желобковой ванночки, липкой ленты и в почве по показателям: ширине разброса, числу семян на единице площади и глубине заделки. Провели сравнительный полевой эксперимент, в разные по метеорологическим условиям годы на типичной луговой черноземовидной почве осуществили посев сои сеялками с сошниками двух конструкций после различных предшественников: пара, пшеницы и сои.(Результаты и обсуждение) Показали, что почве канала на глубине 0,05 метра лаповый сошник обеспечивает заданную ширину полосы посева 0,18-0,20 метра. Определили отклонение от равномерности распределения высеянных семян по площади, которое составило 0,93-1,56 процента. Выявили, что полосной посев лаповым сошником и дальнейшее скашивание сорных растений между полосами снижают засоренность посевов сои после пара на 67,7 процента, после пшеницы – на 66,5 процента и после сои – на 65,4 процента, повышая ее урожайность в сравнении с рядовым посевом дисковым сошником.(Выводы) Установили закономерное увеличение урожайности сои при посеве лаповым сошником: после чистого пара – на 0,59 тонны с гектара, после пшеницы – на 0,51, после сои – на 0,21 тонны. Предложили для выращивания экологически безопасных семян сои в условиях Приамурья использовать сеялки с лаповыми сошниками шириной 0,2 метра, расстановленными на расстоянии 0,6 метра друг от друга

Роторный плуг для органической технологии возделывания сои

The authors showed that a rotary plow deepened the arable layer and destroyed the plow bottom, simultaneously crushed plant residues, green manure crops and embedded them in the soil upper layer that was active for the cultivated plants roots and microorganisms, which allowed providing them with available nutrients, maintained fertility and increased soybeans yield.(Research purpose) To determine the soil deepener and the plow rotor agrotechnical parameters when working after different predecessors, to establish the dynamics of nutrients, soybean yield and to compare the technical indicators of various tillage implements.(Materials and methods) The authors studied rotary plow indicators when cultivating the soil after green manure, wheat and soybeans: the tillage depth and the tooth linear speed, the rotor rotational speed and depth, crumbling, hardness and ridging of the soil surface, the presence of plant residues, specific fuel consumption, productivity. They conducted a comparative field experiment, meadow-chernozem-like soil was treated with tools: discs BDT-3.0 – control; plowshare PLN-3-35 and rotary plow PRN-2.5 M.(Results and discussion) The authors determined that the tillage depth with the rotor was 0.143-0.149 meters, with the soil deepener – 0.25 meters, 25-27 percent of crop residues remained on the soil surface. It was found that the rotary plow details provided good soil cultivation, as a result of the incorporation of stubble and green manure, they contributed to a content increase of phosphorus in it by 11.8-13.3 percent, potassium – by 18-21.8, nitrogen – by 48.1-48.9 percent, which had a positive impact on the soybeans yield.(Conclusions) The authors found a regular increase in soybean yields when processing the soil with a rotary plow by 0.32 tons per hectare compared to discs and by 0.06 tons per hectare compared to a share plow. It was suggested to use a rotary plow PRN-2.5 M. for soil cultivating for soybeans in the Amur region. They calculated the economic and energy feasibility of soil cultivating with a rotary plow in organic crop production.Показали, что роторный плуг углубляет пахотный слой и разрушает плужную подошву, одновременно измельчает растительные остатки, сидеральные культуры и заделывает их в верхний, активный для корней культурных растений и микроорганизмов, слой почвы, что позволяет обеспечивать их доступными питательными веществами, поддерживать плодородие и повышать урожайность сои.(Цель исследования) Определить агротехнические параметры почвоуглубителя и ротора плуга при работе после различных предшественников, установить динамику питательных веществ, урожайности сои и сравнить технические показатели различных почвообрабатывающих орудий.(Материалы и методы) Изучили показатели роторного плуга при обработке почвы после сидерального пара, пшеницы и сои: глубину обработки почвоуглубителем и линейную скорость зуба, частоту вращения и глубину обработки ротором, крошение, твердость и гребнистость поверхности почвы, наличие растительных остатков, удельный расход топлива, производительность. Провели сравнительный полевой эксперимент, лугово-черноземовидную почву обрабатывали орудиями: дисками БДТ-3,0 – контроль; лемешным плугом ПЛН-3-35 и роторным плугом ПРН-2,5 М.(Результаты и обсуждение) Определили, что глубина обработки ротором составляет 0,143-0,149 метра, почвоуглубителем — 0,25 метра, на поверхности почвы остается 25-27 процентов пожнивных остатков. Выявили, что органы роторного плуга обеспечивали хорошую обработку почвы, в результате заделки стерни и сидератов способствовали повышению содержания в ней фосфора на 11,8-13,3 процента, калия – на 18-21,8, азота – на 48,1-48,9 процента, что положительно сказалось на урожайности сои.(Выводы) Выявили закономерное повышение урожайности сои при обработке почвы роторным плугом на 0,32 тонны на гектар по сравнению с дисками и на 0,06 тонны на гектар – по сравнению с лемешным плугом. Предложили для обработки почвы под сою в условиях Приамурья использовать роторный плуг ПРН-2,5 М. Провели расчет экономической и энергетической целесообразности обработки почвы роторным плугом в органическом растениеводстве

Pion and proton showers in the CALICE scintillator-steel analogue hadron calorimeter

Showers produced by positive hadrons in the highly granular CALICE scintillator-steel analogue hadron calorimeter were studied. The experimental data were collected at CERN and FNAL for single particles with initial momenta from 10 to 80 GeV/c. The calorimeter response and resolution and spatial characteristics of shower development for proton- and pion-induced showers for test beam data and simulations using Geant4 version 9.6 are compared.Comment: 26 pages, 16 figures, JINST style, changes in the author list, typos corrected, new section added, figures regrouped. Accepted for publication in JINS

Performance of the first prototype of the CALICE scintillator strip electromagnetic calorimeter

A first prototype of a scintillator strip-based electromagnetic calorimeter was built, consisting of 26 layers of tungsten absorber plates interleaved with planes of 45x10x3 mm3 plastic scintillator strips. Data were collected using a positron test beam at DESY with momenta between 1 and 6 GeV/c. The prototype's performance is presented in terms of the linearity and resolution of the energy measurement. These results represent an important milestone in the development of highly granular calorimeters using scintillator strip technology. This technology is being developed for a future linear collider experiment, aiming at the precise measurement of jet energies using particle flow techniques

The Time Structure of Hadronic Showers in highly granular Calorimeters with Tungsten and Steel Absorbers

The intrinsic time structure of hadronic showers influences the timing capability and the required integration time of hadronic calorimeters in particle physics experiments, and depends on the active medium and on the absorber of the calorimeter. With the CALICE T3B experiment, a setup of 15 small plastic scintillator tiles read out with Silicon Photomultipliers, the time structure of showers is measured on a statistical basis with high spatial and temporal resolution in sampling calorimeters with tungsten and steel absorbers. The results are compared to GEANT4 (version 9.4 patch 03) simulations with different hadronic physics models. These comparisons demonstrate the importance of using high precision treatment of low-energy neutrons for tungsten absorbers, while an overall good agreement between data and simulations for all considered models is observed for steel.Comment: 24 pages including author list, 9 figures, published in JINS

Testing Hadronic Interaction Models using a Highly Granular Silicon-Tungsten Calorimeter

A detailed study of hadronic interactions is presented using data recorded with the highly granular CALICE silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter. Approximately 350,000 selected negatively charged pion events at energies between 2 and 10 GeV have been studied. The predictions of several physics models available within the Geant4 simulation tool kit are compared to this data. A reasonable overall description of the data is observed; the Monte Carlo predictions are within 20% of the data, and for many observables much closer. The largest quantitative discrepancies are found in the longitudinal and transverse distributions of reconstructed energy.Comment: 28 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in NIM

Triticale potential model in the conditions of the Amur region

The need for research is due to the growing demands of the region's animal husbandry in fodder grain. The goal is to establish the average and maximum values of the main economic indicators of triticale varieties in various zones of the region. The experiments were carried out in 2012–2016 on the fields of the zonal State Variety Testing Stations of the Amur Region. Soils are typical of zones. Meteorological conditions during the growing season of triticale are different. Triticale varieties were studied: Karmen St, Grebeshok, Rovnya, Ukro and Yarilo. Late-ripening varieties in all zones of the region form a high stem. Location of triticale varieties by grain threshing Karmen> Rovnya> Grebeshok and Yarilo> Ukro. The largest mass of 1000 grains - 53.6 g and a yield of 5.36 t/ha is formed by the Karmen variety in the south of the region. Yarilo gives the highest yield in the central zone, and Rovnya in the northern zone. The increase in yield of Yarilo and Rovnya varieties compared to the control ranged from 0.13 to 0.16 t/ha, or from 4.2 to 5.2%. The smallest significant difference in yield for varieties was 5.4–15.8%. In the central zone of the region, the Yarilo variety significantly exceeds the standard by 0.69 t/ha, or 28.3%, in the north, the Grebeshok and Ukro varieties are significantly inferior to the standard by 0.16 and 0.33 t/ha, or 5.6 and 11.5%. The genetic series of the yield potential of varieties in the area of Karmen> Yarilo> Rovnya>Grebeshok > Ukro. A model of factors determining the adaptive potential of triticale in the Amur region is proposed

Plowshare for Growing Ecologically Safe Soybeans

The authors showed that strip sowing with the paw plowshare allows soybean plants to branch better, and branches with leaves of nearby rows do not close for a long time, mowing vegetation between the strips reduces the total number of weeds, the chemical load on the crops, and ensures environmental safety of the products.(Research purpose) To determine the seed distribution parameters by the paw plowshare according to the area of the sowing strip and the depth of seed placement, to establish the effect of the plowshare of different types on the weediness of crops and soybean yield after various preceding crops.(Materials and methods) The authors studied the equability of soybean seeds distribution with the paw plowshare on the surface of the grooved tub, adhesive tape, and in the soil according to the following indicators: spread width, number of seeds per unit area, and placement depth. They conducted a comparative field experiment; in different years according to meteorological conditions, on a typical meadow black earth soil, soybean was sown with seeders with plowshare of two designs after various preceding crops: steam, wheat and soy.(Results and discussion) It was determined that the paw plowshare the specified sowing row width of 0.18-0.20 meters at the channel soil at a depth of 0.05 meters. The deviation from the equability of the sown seeds distribution over the area was determined 0.93-1.56 percent. It was found that strip sowing with the paw plowshare and further mowing of weeds between the strips reduced the weediness of soybean crops after fallow land by 67.7 percent, after wheat by 66.5 percent and after soybean by 65.4 percent, increasing its yield compared to ordinary sowing with a disc plowshare.(Conclusions) The authors established a regular increase in soybean productivity when sowing with the paw plowshare: after naked fallow – by 0.59 tons per hectare, after wheat – by 0.51, after soy – by 0.21 tons. They suggested using seeders with paw plowshare 0.2 meters wide at a distance of 0.6 meters from each other for growing ecologically safe soybean seeds in the Amur region

Complex System of Identification of the Person by Dynamics of Subconscious Movements

The problem considered in the article consists in development and supports of reliability of system of biometric identification of users of the computer. Importance of the problem follows from the fact that the developed system should correspond to the requirements shown now by the market. The original contribution to a subject consists in the offered methods of processing of the analogue signals, the upgraded methods of decision-making and implementation of the given complex